The Ideas and Inventions Attributed to Archimedes

Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece. Regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history, he’s the father of integral calculus and mathematical physics. Here are some of the ideas and inventions that have been attributed to him. While there’s no exact date for his birth and death, he was born approximately between 290 and 280 BC and died sometime between 212 or 211 BC in Syracuse, Sicily. The Archimedes Principle Archimedes wrote in his treatise â€Å"On Floating Bodies† that an object submerged in fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. The famous anecdote for how he came up with this was started when he was asked to determine if a crown was pure gold or contained some silver. While in the bathtub he arrived at the principle of displacement by weight and ran through the streets naked shouting Eureka (I have found it)! A crown with silver would weigh less than one that was pure gold, Weighing the displaced water would allow calculation of the density of the crown, showing whether or not it was pure gold. The Archimedes Screw The Archimedes screw,  or screw pump, is a machine that can raise water from a lower to higher level. It is useful for irrigation systems, water systems, sewage systems and for pumping water out of a ships bilge. It is a screw-shaped surface inside a pipe and has to be turned, which is often done by attaching it to a windmill or by turning it by hand or oxen. The windmills of Holland are an example of using the Archimedes screw to drain water from low-lying areas. Archimedes may not have discovered this invention since there is some evidence they existed for hundreds of years before his life. He may have observed them in Egypt and later popularized them in Greece. War Machines and Heat Ray Archimedes also designed several claw,  catapult, and trebuchet war machines for use against the armies laying siege to Syracuse. The author Lucian wrote in the second century AD that Archimedes used a heat-focusing device that involved mirrors acting as a parabolic reflector as a way to set invading ships on fire. Several modern-day experimenters have attempted to show this was possible, but have had mixed results. Sadly, he was killed during the siege of Syracuse. Principles of the Lever and Pulleys Archimedes is quoted as saying, Give me a place to stand on and I will move the Earth. He explained the principles of levers in  his treatise â€Å"On the Equilibrium of Planes.† He designed block-and-tackle pulley systems for use in loading and unloading ships. Planetarium or Orrery Archimedes even built devices that showed the movement of the sun and moon across the sky. It would have required sophisticated differential gears. These devices were acquired by General  Marcus Claudius Marcellus as part of his personal loot from the capture of Syracuse. An Early Odometer Archimedes is credited with designing an odometer that could measure distance. It used a chariot wheel and gears to drop a pebble once per Roman mile into a counting box.

Contradicting Symbolism in Joseph Conrads quot;Heart of...

Joseph Conrad utilizes several important literary techniques throughout his story Heart of Darkness. One predominant method of his storytelling is the use of contrasting sensory imagery between black and white and altering the symbolism the colors entail. This theme is clearly prevalent when we read of Marlows childhood dreams and when comparing and contrasting the Africans, the Europeans, and the corruption of the ivory trade. Generally, Africa and Africans are described in terms of blackness, symbolic of darkness, evil, and corruption. On the other hand, Europe and Europeans are defined in terms of white, representative of innocence and purity. These images are essential in proving the dominant theme of good versus evil†¦show more content†¦The Africans are portrayed as shadowy, shady figures blending into the background of the night, distinguishable only by their eyes. This is an early indication of the purity of the souls of the black slaves; although their bodies seem invisible in the night, their white remains undisguised. Marlows earliest glimpse of the corruption of the ivory trade is when he sees ...six black men...black rags were wound round their loins...with that complete, deathlike indifference of unhappy savages (81). Although Marlow appears to have some sense of compassion for the slaves, he still refers to them as savages. It is apparent that Marlow at first views the Africans as mere creatures, but he soon became compassionate as he observes their ...pain, abandonment, and despair (83). He immediately notices that ...they were dying slowly--it was very clear. They were not enemies...not criminals (83). This is an early turning point as Marlow begins to realize Africans are not the savages as they are typically stereotyped. Marlows first mention of European contact with the Africans explains how Captain Fresleven, Marlows predecessor with the ivory company, was the gentlest, quietest creature that ever walked on two legs (72), beat an African unmercifully with a stick. In this instance, the white captain appears to be mild and kind, yet the actions of Captain Fresleven are not consistent with the traditional

Environmental Science Current Economics Globally

Questions: 1. Provide five (5) personal opinions regarding the environment, development and economics. Categorize the five opinions as either belonging to the western viewpoint or deep ecology viewpoint?2.Two strategies for pollution controls are green taxes and traceable allowances. Describe two pros and two cons for each type of strategy? Answers: 1. Five important steps can be adapted by us towards betterment of the environment and current economics globally. The first one would be to control the pollution of air, water, land and noise. These pollutions are affecting human health to a great degree and also causing destruction of famous buildings and health hazards to different species (Portney, 2013). This should be treated with western viewpoint by individualistic approach. The second opinion would be that the there should arise a trend of afforestation and reduce the deforestations as the plants are the providers of oxygen. This is from the western viewpoint. Another opinion is to reduce the use of pesticides, insecticides and similar chemicals in the agricultural purpose so that bioaccumulation of different chemicals and metal particles do not cause harm to human health. This should be in the western viewpoint. The economic development and hunger for it should be socially controlled as the forests, croplands, wetlands, gro undwater; rivers are already exploited for purposes of man. This should be done form deep ecology viewpoint. The fifth opinion would be to create a biologically stable ecosystem where all the species would live in harmony with each other maintaining the natural rules. This should be done on deep ecology viewpoint. 2. Carbon Tax/Green Tax: Strategies: Good governance system so that discrepancies can be prevented. Should introduce lucrative incentives so that the result can be achieved early. Pros: Companies cut down their huge emissions of CO2 reducing their emissions (Marron, Donald Toder, 2014). Alternative sources are encouraged. Cons: Companies need to shift their companies to other places resulting in economic loss. Expensive administration costs as huge amount is required for properly monitoring. Traceable Allowances: Strategies: The rule should be applied in such a way so that exploitations can be prevented. Incentives should be given who produce zero level emissions. Pros: Sometimes bought by environmentalist who again retire them to in order to reduce overall emissions. Innovative market driven approach. Cons: The holder may use it to pollute illegally. They may sell permit for profit. Reference: Marron, Donald B., and Eric T. Toder. "Tax policy issues in designing a carbon tax."The American Economic Review104, no. 5 (2014): 563-568. Portney, Kent E.Taking sustainable cities seriously: Economic development, the environment, and quality of life in American cities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013.

Strategic management McGraw Hill Education -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Management Mcgraw Hill Education? Answer: Introducation Small investment banks are the banks, which operate in a smaller level than the multinational full-fledged banks that are much bigger in scale in terms of financial transactions (Stowell 2017). These banks are specialized in one or two facets of investment. The process is to manage wealth of clients and provide financial assistants to small players in the market. These institutions also invest in profit making companies to create wealth and grow in terms of scale and operations. Small investment banks largely work on smaller arrangements including mid market organizations, and as a rule help on the offer side in mergers and acquisitions exchanges. Also, they some of the time work in specific enterprises, for example, media, medicinal services, industrials, innovation or vitality. A few banks may represent considerable authority in specific sorts of exchanges, for example, capital raising or mergers and acquisitions, or rebuilding and rearrangement (Hakenes et al. 2014). A market analysts main activity is to ponder data to enable the employer or customer to settle on educated choices about their market. This could go from what markets to dispatch an item in, to the value one may charge for something. The data analysis of a market analyst could be introduced as numbers or words. Factual aptitudes are helpful maths and examination capabilities are additionally qualities of a market analyst. Discussion The small investment bank in which the appointment as market analyst has been achieved is Qatar First Bank. The bank mentioned was launched in 2009 when there was recession in the western world (Al Marri 2018). However, because of rich natural resources and never ending demand of oil throughout the world, the Middle Eastern countries did not face any tough time (Niblock 2015). Many of the stakeholders and investors in the bank were having great suspicion in their mind about success of the bank. In spite of such suspicion and doubt the bank came out to be successful, and today it is engaged in offering international standard Shari'ah agreeable wealth management techniques to people who are affluent in Qatar and the locale. A bank that would benefit from the developing interest for Islamic banking and be one stop solution in monetary accomplice to the youth as well as business visionaries, in the safeguarding and development of their riches (Al Marri 2018). The internationally operating organization, which is chosen for an investment opportunity from the small investment bank, is Apple, which is one of the most successful brands in operation throughout the world (Thaon and Tsanthaiwo 2017). The company manufactures mobile phones, laptops, and desktops. The company is the manufacturer of the famous i-phone. A Review Of The Techniques Micro environment is the internal environment of a business. The micro environmental condition, as can be understood from the name itself, is the immediate and immediate condition which affects a business organization. The micro environment incorporates thoughts identified with providers, clients and nearby partners, along with the factors that are internal to the business (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). The micro environment condition can for the most part be viewed as the immediate situations of the business and the owner is expected to give some amount of thought to the impacts of the micro environment on business (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). The technique that is used in analyzing the micro environment of a business is called SWOT analysis, or the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat, analysis (Grant 2016). Swot Analysis Organizations use this tool to find out the strength weakness they possess, and opportunities threats that may come across (Drucker 2017). The main benefit of this system lies in the fact that it requires very less investment to be conducted. Even small businesses can undertake and go ahead with SWOT analysis of their businesses. SWOT analysis helps in comprehending ones business in a better way, and tackling the weaknesses so that they get resolved (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). Threats are averted from getting critical by prior predictions. The opportunities are understood and they are sharpened to give better results. Knowing the strength of oneself better gives extra confidence to go ahead. The whole process gives a direction to the business and anchors it. Apart from the number of benefits SWOT analysis has, it has some limitations and disadvantages as well. This is not a very intricate process and remains mostly in the superficial level. For situations and problems, which are, complicated further researches which are deeper and in-depth needs to be done (Storey 2016). The process often does not categorize issues according to priority. It offers lesser amount of solutions than required. It is a process, which produces a lot of information and ideation, but not all are very useful. This is a suitable method for deciding on the inner environment of a business because of its wide span of compatibility with any kind of business possible. Macro Environment Macro environment is the external environment of a business on which the decision makers of the business has no role-play in (Armstrong et al. 201'5.) These are the large scale factors which are uncontrollable and cannot be influenced by the inner players of the business environment. These factors impact the decision making of the organizations and positively or negatively impact the performance and business activities of an organization. Macro environment can be analyzed by PESTLE technique, which has full form of Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors (Feys and Probert 2015). Pestle Analysis All the factors considered in the PESTLE analysis are external to the business and doesnt have a scope of direct control by the business authorities. However proper PESTLE analysis would give a clear picture of what can be the scenarios that are forthcoming and the management can necessary steps and actions to keep the business stable after such analysis (Aithal 2016). The first advantage of the process is its cost effectiveness. It does not require any special mechanism and only some investment of comprehension from experts. The analysis gives a deeper understanding of the situation and the external environment and the possible impacts they can pose on the business. The political interference and governmental decisions which impact businesses cannot be changed or altered by the businessmen, they can adapt their own business according to the new scenarios (Walker and Rea 2014). It is the same case with other factors of PESTLE technique. Analysis Of The Micro And Macro Environments Of The Business STRENGTH- Apple is the leader in its field and the company which continuously innovates new products and brings new technological up gradation to its existing products. Because of these reasons, Apple products are always in demand and there is no fear of loss in investing in the company (Heracleous 2013). The profit margins of Apple Inc are stable and high, and the investors can depend on the goodwill of the company (Khan, Alam and Alam 2015). Apple enjoys high level of trust and reputation in the market it operates in. WEAKNESSES- Apple is greatly dependant on iPhones for maintaining its goodwill and revenue. In overall scenario, Apple deals with very less number of products, which makes it dependant on their success (Khan, Alam and Alam 2015). Every year, updated version of iPhone is released and avid iPhone users wait for new iPhones to get released (Dong and Zhang 2016). However the updates are not always well received. The Apple products are most of the time not compatible with products of other companies, which makes them lesser popular. OPPORTUNITIES- Apple has a huge manufacturing infrastructure, which is highly advanced and technologically ahead of many of its competitors. The company is ever expanding its distribution network, however presently its distribution network is one of the strongest in the industry (Fitzgerald and Wakabayashi 2014). THREATS- The field in which Apple operates in have stiff competition from various quarters. Microsoft is its competitor in desktop and operating system business. Samsung is a close competition in the business of mobile handsets. Samsung and Google have collaborated in providing service which is a great competition to Apple. Pestle Analysis Of Apple Inc POLITICAL- Apple is largely reliant on the manufacturing units at China. China is a country, which is dominated by Communist political ideology, which is often dominated by anti capitalist movements. In America, with recent political developments, there is a clamor about discontinuing outsourcing of jobs and manufacturing from the country. Apple works in a number of countries, which are not politically stable, which could make the future of business of Apple unsure in these countries. ECONOMIC- As it has been pointed out previously that Apples manufacturing units are based mainly in China, but with increasing labor cost in China economical thrust is felt in the pricing of Apple products as well. The economic recessions in various countries throughout the world has reduced income of many people, which has affected the consumer base Apple. SOCIAL- Socially Apple as a brand is seen to be a status symbol in the western world. However in African countries or in the countries where the goodwill and market of Apple is not well established it can be seen as a product with too high price and hence abandoned. A large section of people in North America cannot except China as a friendly country which can hamper goodwill of Apple because of its close association with the country. TECHNOLOGICAL- Google, Microsoft, Dell, Samsung, HP, and a number of companies are doing regular advancement in their technological sphere. Apple is doing its own bit in technologically upgrading its product, but many of its recent innovations are criticized like the wireless earphones, which has a high probability of getting lost. LEGAL- Apple has recently ventured into advanced digital financial services called the Apple Pay. This brings further financial regulations and implications to Apple throughout the globe. Dependency of Apple on intellectual products for its income like music and software make Apple furthermore vulnerable to legalities. ENVIRONMENTAL- China is a country that is tackling environmental pollution. Apples manufacturing units have a high amount of disposed wastages, which is posing increasing concern in the country. Analysis Of The Impacts Of International Business Environment Apple deals in electronic goods and gadgets especially phones, laptops and computers. With increased globalization and digitization, every individual is opting for better gadgetry support. Apple has been one of the pioneers in bringing technology at its best to the consumers. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne established Apple Computer Company on April 1, 1976. The organization's first item was the Apple I, a PC built by Wozniak without any assistance from anyone else. The company has stiff competitors working in similar field, many of the collaborating with each other. Microsoft, which is probably the greatest competitor of Apple, was found just a year before, in 1975 by Bill gates and Paul Allen. Apple has its own operating system for desktop, which is having a huge competition from Microsoft Windows. Apple presently has 12.37% market share on the market of Operating System, and Windows has 11.79% (Gartner.com 2015). Samsung and Apple have collaborated to take a market sha re of 54.16%, which is largest (Gartner.com, 2018). Therefore, Apple works in an international business environment, which is full of competition and requires continuous innovative advancements. Coming in of new players with lower rates, and existing players increasing their innovative quotient has a great impact on Apples business. Benefits, Opportunities And Challenges Of Globalisation Globalization and innovation have both astoundingly affected organizations in many ways. Globalization alludes to growing a business to work at the worldwide level. This is frequently made conceivable because of the propelled innovations being declared each day. From multiple points of view, globalization and mechanical advances have enhanced business; however, there are likewise negative impacts. Globalization has helped Apple is marketing and distributing its product throughput the world. Apple has a vast chain of stores and retail outlets in all the big cities throughout the world. This was made possible by economic globalization and foreign direct investment opportunities. Apple has been a forerunner in importing and exporting activities and outsourcing various jobs in the Asian job market. Apple has more than 450 retail shops in 13 countries. The marketing of its initial successful product mainly depended on the foreign job markets. Apple has been mainly operating its manufactur ing units at China. Globalization of culture has created a fetishism of Apple brand, which further boosted its sales. The Extent Of Globalisation On Organisations There are various positive and negative impacts of globalization on business organizations working multi-nationally. The target markets have expanded and there are more number of customers. Resources have become cheaper and easily available and western countries can utilize the cheap labor pool in the developing nations (Crane and Matten 2016.). The information and technology sector have received a great boost because of globalization. Exchange of technological knowhow and knowledge, which help the developing countries, in advancing their work culture, is also an effect of globalization. However in spite of all of these positive aspects there are some factors, which may pose a challenge to businesses, like increased competition and legalities. Globalization has increased competition in every field, with new players from many countries operating worldwide. Companies, which work on a multi-national level, have to tackle legal issues from a number of countries. Structures Of Different Organisations Operating In International Markets Large multinational organizations require a hierarchical framework that can support the standard business operations and capacities like finance, advertising, RD, production, and among others - and those capabilities required for being result oriented past the domestic scenario. The suitable authoritative structure that is most suitable will be managed by the general global policy of the company, the comparative size of global or international operations when contrasted and compared with residential capacity and operations, and the nature of the commercial center in which the company contends. The four necessary hierarchical structures are- Functional, Geographical, International and Matrix. Some of the MNCs structure their organization functionally, where all the important jobs are done at the headquarters at the home country. Geographically some MNCs design their structure where semi-independent functions with certain authorities are established in different countries. The MNCs, w hich have a International Division structure, they are allowed to keep close attention on its own domestic or home market in its head quarters while leaving the global division allowed to adjust and deal with the remote markets. A Matrix structure joins the effectiveness of the functional organization with the adaptability of local operations. Cponclusion As the market analyst of a small investment bank, it can be safely concluded that Apple is a great company with high returns to invest in. It has a great hold on the market it works in and gives high returns to its investors. Analyzing the micro and macro business environment of Apple and the globalised scenario it would be highly advisable to invest in Apple for great returns. References Aithal, P.S., 2016. Study on ABCD analysis technique for business models, business strategies, operating concepts business systems.Browser Download This Paper. Al Marri, A. 2018.Chairmans Message Qatar First bank. [online] Qfb.com.qa. Available at: https://www.qfb.com.qa/about-us/chairmans-message/ [Accessed 15 Jan. 2018]. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dong, J. and Zhang, Y., 2016. When Customers Become Fans.MIT Sloan Management Review,57(2), p.95. Drucker, P.F., 2017.What Makes an Effective Executive (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Review Press. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Feys, B. and Probert, C., 2015. PESTLE analysis.Primento Digital. Fitzgerald, D. and Wakabayashi, D., 2014. Apple quietly builds new networks.Wall Street Journal. Gartner.com, 2015.Technology Industry Analysts. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/technology/analysts.jsp [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hakenes, H., Hasan, I., Molyneux, P. and Xie, R., 2014. Small banks and local economic development.Review of Finance,19(2), pp.653-683. Heracleous, L., 2013. Quantum strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), pp.92-99. Khan, U.A., Alam, M.N. and Alam, S., 2015. A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,3(6), pp.955-961. Niblock, T. ed., 2015.Social and economic development in the Arab Gulf (RLE economy of Middle East). Routledge. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. Storey, D.J., 2016.Understanding the small business sector. Routledge. Stowell, D.P., 2017.Investment banks, hedge funds, and private equity. Academic Press. Thao, T. and Tsanthaiwo, S., 2017. Apple Inc. In the Years to Come. Walker, E.T. and Rea, C.M., 2014. The political mobilization of firms and industries.Annual review of sociology,40, pp.281-304.